The impact of electronic nicotine cigarette uses on periodontal status

: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have shown conflicting results of the effect of electronic cigarettes (e-cig) on periodontal status. Smoking cessation is crucial for effective periodontitis treatment, and e-cigs are increasingly used as a smoking cessation tool. This systematic literature review aims to examine the impact of electronic nicotine cigarettes on periodontal status. Method: Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis) guidelines, articles were identified through PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete and analyzed based on eligibility criteria. Data were organized thematically and synthesized to answer the research question. Result: The review included 17 studies. Nine studies reported worse periodontal status among e-cig users compared to non-smokers. Four studies reported better periodontal status among e-cig users compared to conventional smokers. Most of the longitudinal studies, four in total, showed greater Pocket Depth (PD) among e-cig users compared to non-smokers. Most longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, seven in total, demonstrated higher Bleeding on Probing (BoP) and Gingival Index (GI) in non-smokers compared to e-cig users. Most of the studies showed no significant difference comparing e-cig users and conventional smokers except in the parameter Margnial Bone Level (MBL) were one of the two longitudinal studies showed significantly worse MBL among conventional smokers. Conclusion: Although e-cigs appear to have a somewhat lesser negative impact on periodontal health compared to conventional cigarettes, the results of this study suggest that they do not serve as a viable alternative for smoking cessation or for refraining from smoking altogether. Therefore, it is advisable to recommend total abstinence from smoking. However, the findings are not entirely consistent, and further well-designed studies are needed to investigate periodontal outcomes of e-cig use.

Date of Award	2024-Dec
Original language	English
Supervisor	V Wallin Bengtsson (Supervisor) & Pia Andersson (Examiner)