Defining the niche of Vibrio parahaemolyticus during pre- and post-monsoon seasons in the coastal Arabian Sea

The bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important component of coastal ecosystems worldwide, and in recent years, V. parahaemolyticus has caused several cases of food-borne gastroenteritis. However, research investigating which parameters are important in regulating V. parahaemolyticus abundance in tropical areas with relatively stable temperatures and salinity are largely lacking. The objective here was to investigate which environmental forces are driving elevated abundances of V. parahaemolyticus in a tropical oligotrophic coastal area in the Arabian Sea. We analysed a large number of environmental parameters in parallel with cell densities of V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio spp. Abundance data was obtained using real-time PCR, during two different sampling periods, representative for two distinct seasons. Water temperature and salinity were stable during and between sampling periods, but V. parahaemolyticus abundances were on average six times higher during the first sampling period in December, compared to the second period in February–March. V. parahaemolyticus abundance was found to be positively correlated to inorganic phosphate concentration and copepod abundance. We thus hypothesise that these are important factors regulating V. parahaemolyticus abundance in coastal tropical areas during these periods.